Criminology MA

30 credits

The module offers a comparative analysis of the main theoretical approaches to criminology: approaches centred on the individual (psychological and biological approaches) and approaches centred on the social context. This theoretical knowledge will be applied to the study of various types of ‘criminal trajectories' such as youth crime, professional crime, white-collar crime, and sexual offences. Students will study the role played by the police in modern and late modern societies and explore how key contemporary policing issues are situated in more general question of social control and governance. The module aims to develop an understanding of how the specific combination of individual and social factors and factors of social control lead individuals, or group of individuals, to a place where they are now labelled 'criminals'.

15 credits

Through the readings of classical and contemporary texts and contributions from feminist and critical race theorists, we will debate the major theories and contributions on the following questions:

• How do we punish?
• Who do we punish?
• Why do we punish the way we do?
• Why is the meaning of punishment so debated?
• Why did we develop "alternative" punishments in late modernity?
• Why are prisons in a state of constant reform?

The aim of this first part of the module is to build a critical framework to understand the decisions of judges and policymakers in the social history of punishment.

in the second part of the module, we will go through current empirical and theoretical research on sentencing, the prison experience and on the political discourse on punishment. We will compare punishment practices and discourses in the UK with the other countries of the West. The aim of this second part of the module is to develop a deep understanding of criminal justice systems and their relations to the rest of society.

30 credits

This module seeks to offer a critical understanding of the social, economic and political contexts that give rise to crime and to state responses to crime. You will explore different levels of offending, from individual offences to business/corporate violations and state transgressions. We will problematise the constructions of crime and deviance and the processes that have led to the dominant, accepted conceptions of crime and deviance becoming ‘naturalised'. One of the purposes of the module is to develop an understanding of the ways in which the definition of acts as ‘crimes' is central to shaping responses to them. We will examine a wide range of social harms that criminologists and the legal system often fail to examine, or to define as offences, or those that are seen as offences, but that are under-enforced. This includes not just violations of the law, but also harmful individual, institutional, and socially-accepted activities, behaviours, and practices. We will also build up an understanding of the relationship between processes of marginalisation and criminalisation.

15 credits

This module seeks to place the victims of crime at the centre of victimological/criminological debate and analysis. Students will explore the historical neglect of victims and the social processes that gave rise to the contemporary ‘victim movement'. You will study patterns in victimisation and its different forms, for example, inter-personal and digital. You will debate issues that relate to a variety of victim types: children/young people, elderly, women/men, LGBTQ, and specific race and religious groups. We will problematise the construction of ‘victim[s]' and examine the social relations that determine when the status of victim is awarded, and the circumstances that govern when such label is denied.

In addition to the theoretical and conceptual content, the module engages with a number of substantive areas: students will explore lived experiences of victimisation, including psychological impact, the legal rights of victims, and the role of victims in criminal justice procedures, the available protection afforded to them and existing services of support.

30 credits

This module is designed to stimulate students' engagement with academic research and analysis. Students develop a critical understanding of the rationale, design and implementation of different methodologies used by social scientists for their research. They develop a framework for evaluating social research and conducting their own empirical work. In the first half of the module students gain first-hand experience in quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis through instruction and class exercises. In the second half students will apply their knowledge and understanding of research methods to a specific field of enquiry.

60 credits

This module provides an excellent opportunity for students to extend their criminological knowledge through a detailed study on a topic of their choice and to demonstrate their capacity to utilise the key conceptual perspectives and practical skills of a working criminologist. Students can approach the module either as a theoretical study which is primarily library-based and adopts the traditional style of a dissertation as an extended essay or they can approach it as an empirical investigation and present their findings as a comprehensive research report. The module will be supervised on an individual basis by a member of the staff team.